April 8th, 2011 Posted in Education/Academic Skills, Social Skills | No Comments »
Authors: Barbara Shaw Zirt, Leelawatte Popali-Lehane, William Chaplin and Andrea Bergman
From the Journal of Attention Disorders
Click here to find a link to Adjustment, Social Skills, and Self-Esteem in College Students With Symptoms of ADHD.
This research article touches on the persistence of ADHD symptoms in young and older adults in college (estimated to be at between 10 and 60 percent) and aspects of college adjustment that may be affected by these symptoms. Support for conducting this research lies in the suggestion that deficits in social skills and self-esteem may be linked to the development of academic, behavioral, emotional and/or interpersonal difficulties, as well as to health in general. Past studies have suggested that self-esteem (an issue for many of our young adults with ADHD) in adolescence was related to one’s educational achievement and occupational success in adulthood.
Method
21 college students who met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD and 20 non-ADHD students matched by age, gender, and self reports of GPA were included in this study. The following assessments were used with both groups:
- The Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire
- The Social Performance Survey Schedule
- The Social Self-Esteem Inventory
- Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale
Results
Self-esteem was shown to be statistically significant in mediating between ADHD and adjustment, while negative social behaviors were not statistically relevant in relating to adjustment. Based on self-reports, students with ADHD had lower levels of college adjustment, social skills, and self-esteem relative to the non-ADHD comparison group, but self-esteem was found to have the most effect on overall adjustment at college. In summation, the results indicate that the study’s ADHD participants were functioning approximately 1 standard deviation below the normative sample mean in terms of adjustment.
So – What do these results indicate in practical terms?
For our students attending college, and transitioning towards vocation, we know that self-esteem can have a serious affect on motivation, success, and overall feelings of good health. When working with any individual, and particularly one who presents with symptoms of ADHD, it is important to remember that interventions specifically aimed at improving social skills (which can often, in turn, improve self reports of self-esteem) are of high importance.
As a staff, those of us at AHEADD check in with our students about their overall quality of life on a regular basis, ensuring that they are getting the most out of their college experience, and participating in activities that will increase their self-esteem. Not only do our staff work with students to increase self-esteem and help students find opportunities to engage in positive social experiences where they can shine, but our peer mentoring program also allows for additional positive social experiences with empathic, understanding peers on campus. This fourth core element of the AHEADD model may be one of the most integral aspects of the program by allowing students to have at least one positive, reliable, social outlet on their campuses. These peer mentors receive weekly support from AHEADD staff to ensure quality of service. Once a month, students and their mentors gather as a group for a large social outing in their regions, allowing students additional social group experiences.
To learn more about the AHEADD model, which includes the peer mentoring aspect of our program, please visit this page.